RS311A Dr. Kilmer & Co., Provisional Proprietary Medicine Stamp

In the late nineteenth century, Dr. Kilmer’s Swamp-Root Kidney Liver and Bladder Remedy promised to address a variety of ailments. According to a brief history written by the National Park Service, Dr. Kilmer and Co. also sold Ocean-Weed Heart Remedy, Female Remedy, and Indian Cough and Consumption Cure.
A homeopathic physician, Dr. Sylvester Andral Kilmer founded his laboratory and remedy company in the 1870s in Binghamton, New York. His medicines were aggressively advertised and sold across the country in bottles that famously showed the organ to be treated embossed on the glass. Eventually, Dr. Kilmer’s brother Jonas and Jonas’s son Willis took over the company and employed mass marketing to make Kilmer’s remedies a nationally known brand. When Willis was asked what swamp root was good for, he answered, “About a million dollars a year!”

Kilmer’s cure-alls contained various herbs and roots and plenty of alcohol. They did not contain cocaine, opium, or morphine, which were common in less reputable patent medicines of the era. In 1906, the U.S. government established the Pure Food and Drug Act, which put the kibosh on the sale of previously unregulated medicines that could be dangerous or that made outrageous claims about their results.